2 LOCK 'EM UP!
Minority youths are more likely to face trial as adults
A WHITE KID SELLS A BAG OF COC人工智能NE1 at his suburban2 high school. A Latino kid does the same in his inner-city neighborhood. Both get caught. Both are first-time offenders4. The white kid walks into juvenile5 court with his parents, his priest, a good lawyer-and medical coverage6. The Latino kid walks into court with his mom, no legal resources and no insurance. The judge lets the white kid go with his family; he's placed in a private treatment program. The minority kid has no such option. He's detained.
There, in a nutshell, is what happens more and more often in the juvenile-court system. Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco. once they are in adult courts, young black offenders are 18 times more likely to be jailed-and Hispanics seven times more likely-than are young white offenders. Discrimination against kids of color accumulates at every stage of the justice system and skyrockets when juveniles7 are, tried as adults, says Dan Macallair, a co-author of the new study. California has a double standard: throw kids of color behind bars, but .rehabilitate8 white kids who commit comparable crimes.
Even as juvenile crime has declined from its peak in the early 1990s, headline grabbing violence by minors9 has intensified10 a get-tough attitude. Over the past six years, 43 states have passed laws that make it easier to try juveniles as adults. In Texas and Connecticut in 1996, the latest year for which figures are available, all the juveniles in jails were minorities. Vincent Schiraldi, the Justice Policy Institute's director, concedes that some kids need to be tried as adults. But most can be rehabilitated11.
Instead, adult prisons tend to brutalize juveniles. They are eight times more likely to commit suicide and five times more likely to be sexually abused than offenders held in juvenile detention12. once they get out, they tend to commit more crimes and more violent crimes, says Jenni Gainsborough, a spokeswoman for the Sentencing Project, a reform group in Washington. The system, in essence, is training career criminals. And it's doing its worst work among minorities.
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注本文选自By Anamaria Wilson Time; 02/14/2000, Vol. 155 Issue 6, p68, 1/3p
注本文习题命题模仿对象1997年考试真题text 5
1.From the first paragraph we learn that _________.
[A]the white kid is more lucky than the minority kid
[B]the white kid has got a lot of help than the minority kid
[C]the white kid and minority kid has been treated differently
[D]the minority kid should be set free at once.
2.According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
[A]Kids shouldnt be tried as adults.
[B] Discrimination exists in the justice system.
[C]Minority kids are likely to commit crimes.
[D] States shouldnt pass the laws.
3.The word skyrocket means ________.
[A]rising sharply
[B]widening suddenly
[C]spreading widely
[D]expanding quickly
4.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
[A] something seems to be wrong with the justice system
[B]adult prisons have bad influence on the juveniles
[C] juveniles in adult prison are ill-treated
[D]the career criminals are trained by the system
5.The passage shows that the author is _________ the present situation.
[A] amazed at
[B]puzzled by
[C]disappointed at
[D] critical of
答案：CBAAD
篇章分析
本文的结构形式为提出问题----剖析问题。在第一段第一提出问题,以一个案例为切入点，对比白人少年与有色人种少年遭到的不同待遇。第二段和第三段用事实进一步说明司法机关对有色人种的青少年的歧视与他们遭到的不公正待遇。第四段讲解了司法机关的这一做法导致的不好的影响。
词语注解
offender3 [E5fendE] n.罪犯, 冒犯者
coverage [5kQvErIdV]n.保险项目；保险范围
option [5RpFn]n.选择;供选择的事物
detain [dI5teIn]v.拘留,
in a nutshell [5nQtFel]简括地,简言之；简要地说
felony [5felEnI]n.[律]重罪
rehabilitate [ri:hE5bIlIteIt]v. 使康复, 使复职, 使恢复名誉, 使复原
get-tough [5^et 5tQf]adj.强硬的
concede[kEn5si:d]v.勉强, 承认
brutalize[5bru:tElaIz]v.残酷地对待
detention[dI5tenFn]n.拘留, 禁闭
难句突破
1.Minority youths arrested on violent felony charges in California are more than twice as likely as their white counterparts to be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults, according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute, a research center in San Francisco.
主体句式：Minority youths are more than
结构剖析：这是一个比较长的简单句。more than twice as likely as their white counterparts是一种表颈妒?谋泶锓绞剑弧皌o be transferred out of the juvenile-justice system and tried as adults不定式短语来修饰white counterparts; according to a study released last week by the Justice Policy Institute是目前分词做随着状语；a research center in San Francisco是the Justice Policy Institute的同位语。
句子译文：据旧金山一家研究中心司法政策研究上周发表的一项研究结果，在加州因暴力重罪嫌疑被捕进而移交到少年法庭系统作为成人被审判的少数民族青少年的数目可能是白人少年的两倍。
题目剖析
1.答案为C，属推理判断题。作者在第一段中进行对比，目的在于引出同一性质案例由于对象不同，从而处置结果也不同这一论点。
2.答案为B，属事实细节题。原文对应信息是：Discrimination against kids of color accumulates at every stage of the justice system and skyrockets when juveniles are, tried as adults。其它选项意思与原文不符。
3.答案为A ，属猜词题。从单词所在的句子语境中，大家可以判断skyrocket与accumulate的意思相近，并且程度更强。获悉这一点就不难作出选择。
4.答案为A，属推理判断题。原文有关信息是The system, in essence, is training career criminals. And it's doing its worst work among minorities。
5.答案为D，属情感态度题。作者通篇都在讲解司法机关对有色人种青少年的不公正待遇。
参考译文
把他们关起来！
一白人少年在他就读的郊区中学贩卖一袋可卡因。一拉丁美洲少年在其居住的市内社区也做同样的事情。两人都被抓。两人都是初犯。白人少年在其爸爸妈妈、牧师、知名律师伴随下走进少年法庭他有医保；而那个拉丁美洲少年却只在他妈妈伴随下来到法庭，没任何法律援助，也没什么保险。法官让白人少年随家人回家，判他同意私下处置计划监管。而那位少数民族少年则别无选择。他被拘留了。
简而言之，这种事情在少年法庭上愈加容易见到。据旧金山一家研究中心司法政策研究上周发表的一项研究结果，在加州因暴力重罪嫌疑被捕进而移交到少年法庭系统作为成人被审判的少数民族青少年的数目可能是白人少年的两倍。一旦被移交成人法庭，那些青少年黑人犯法者被送进监狱的可能性是白人的十八倍，美籍西班牙人是白人的八倍。 司法系统对有色人种青少年的歧视每升一级都加一次码，而这类青年一旦以成人的身份被审判的话，这种歧视便被极度升化，达到无以复加的地步。 这项研究的合作者丹麦卡莱尔说，加利福尼亚历来奉行双重标准：把犯罪的有色人种青少年投进监狱，但对犯有同等罪行的白人少年却实行教育感化。
正当青少年犯罪率从二十世纪九十年代初期的高峰开始降低的时候，常常成为报刊头条新闻的少数民族未成年人暴力犯罪强化了公众的强硬态度。在过去六年中，四十三个州通过的法律使青少年以成人的身份受审变得愈加轻而易举。1996年，美国德克萨斯州和康涅狄格州的资料表明，在监狱服刑的所有青少年都是有色人种。司法政策研究所所长文森特希拉迪承认，有的青少年需要作为成人进行审判，但他们中大部分人是可以教育感化的。
成人监狱常常虐待这类青少年。这类人自杀的可能性是少管所的罪犯的八倍，遭到性虐待的可能性是他们的五倍。华盛顿的一个改革团体审判项目组织的女发言人Jenni Gainsborough觉得，这类人一旦被释放，他们总是会疯狂作案，推行更多的暴力犯罪。 这种体系实质上是在培养职业罪犯；对有色人种而言，它起有哪些用途更糟。