大伙都了解高龄妈妈所面临的生育困难和生育风险，但极少有人会去考虑高龄爸爸对孩子的影响。
新研究发现，其实男士也有生育年龄极限，高龄爸爸不只生育能力会降低，而且所育的子女患先天性心脏病、自闭症儿童、癫痫等并发症的风险也更高。
那样多大了会被概念为高龄爸爸呢？答案或许会叫你大吃一惊。
It’s usually women who are burdened with the biological clock concept, but new research suggests men may also have a time limit on havin children.
大家一般觉得女人才会被生殖生物钟所累，但新研究指出，男士也有生育年龄极限。
According to a new study published in the journal Maturitas, men should consider banking their sperm before reaching “advanced paternal age”, which has been variably defined as above the age of 35 or 45 in medical fields.
依据发表在《欧洲更年期杂志》期刊上的新研究，男士应考虑在到达“生殖高龄”前冷冻精子，医学界将男士生殖高龄概念为35岁或45岁以上。
This is because men older than this may experience decreased fertility, the study states, and put their female partners at higher risk of a number of pregnancy and birthing complications, such as gestational diabetes, pre-eclampsia and preterm birth.
研究指出，这是由于超出生殖高龄的男士生殖能力会降低，并会增加女人伴侣孕期和分娩并发症的风险，譬如妊娠糖尿病、先兆子痫和早产。
Additionally, infants born to older fathers may also be at higher risk of a number of conditions, such as congenital heart disease, newborn seizures and low birth weight.
除此之外，高龄爸爸所育的婴儿患上先天性心脏病、新生儿癫痫和出生体重过低等多种疾病的风险也更高。
The study also found that some of these children were more likely to develop certain cancers and cognitive disorders, such as autism.
研究还发现，爸爸年龄偏大的一些孩子更容易患上某些癌症和自闭症儿童等认知障碍疾病。
The study reviewed 40 years worth of research to reach its conclusions on the effects paternal age had on fertility, pregnancy and health of children.
该研究回顾了40年间的研究成就，最后概要出了爸爸的年龄对生殖能力、怀孕和子女健康的影响。
Lead author Gloria Bachmann, director of the Women’s Health Institute at Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, commented: “While it is widely accepted that physiological changes that occur in women after 35 can affect conception, pregnancy and the health of the child, most men do not realize their advanced age can have a similar impact.”
研究报告的首席作者、罗格斯大学罗伯特伍德约翰逊医学院的女人健康研究所所长格洛丽亚·巴赫曼评论说：“尽管大家常见觉得女人在35岁后的生理变化会干扰怀孕、怀孕和胎儿健康，但多数男士没意识到自己年龄偏大也会产生一样的影响。”
In addition to advancing paternal age being associated with an increased risk of male infertility, there appears to be other adverse changes that may occur to the sperm with ageing.
“爸爸年龄过大不只和男士不育风险增加有关，男士变老好像还会对精子产生其他负面影响。”
For example, just as people lose muscle strength, flexibility and endurance with age, in men, sperm also tend to lose ‘fitness’ over the life cycle.”
“比如，正如大家变老后肌肉会失去力量、柔韧性和耐力一样，精子也会在这一过程中变得愈加虚弱。”
As for the reasons behind this, Bachmann suspects it’s down to the natural decline in testosterone levels man experience as they age, in addition to a reduction in 百度竞价推广en quality.
至于这一现象背后是什么原因，巴赫曼怀疑是由于男士变老时睾酮水平随之自然降低，同时精液水平也减少了。
When men age they become more predisposed to sperm degradation, the study found, which, during conception, can lead to heredity mutations in the DNA cells of the offspring that prompt a number of disorders.
研究发现，当男士变老时，精子退化的倾向进一步加大。精子退化会在怀孕时致使后代的DNA细胞发生遗传突变，从而引发多种病症。
predisposed[,pri:dispəuzd]: adj. 先有倾向的，先有意向的
Although it is well documented that children of older fathers are more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia – one in 141 infants with fathers under 25 versus one in 47 with fathers over 50 – the reason is not well understood,” adds Bachmann.
巴赫曼补充说：“尽管有翔实的文献记载，高龄爸爸的子女更可能被诊断出精神分裂症——年龄不到25岁的男士生育的孩子患病率为141分之一，而年过五十的男士生育的孩子患病率为25分之一。不过大家对其中是什么原因还不是非常知道。”
Also, some studies have shown that the risk of autism starts to increase when the father is 30, plateaus after 40 and then increases again at 50.”
“除此之外，一些研究显示，男士年过三十后，所生育子女的自闭症儿童风险开始增加，年过四十后，所育子女的自闭症儿童风险趋于平稳，年逾五十后自闭症儿童风险又继续攀升。”
Bachmann also pointed out that women tend to be more active with their reproductive health than men, who rarely consult a physician unless they have an obvious fertility issue.
巴赫曼还指出，女人对自己的生殖健康一般持有更积极的心态，而男士只有在出现明显的生育能力问题时才会去看大夫。
In light of the findings, Science Daily reports the obstetrics and gynaecology specialist recommends that men who plan on delaying fatherhood consider banking sperm before their 35th birthday to decrease the chances of health complications down the line.
每天科学网站报道称，鉴于这类研究结果，产科和妇科专家建议计划延迟生育的男士考虑在35周岁之前冷冻精子来减少后代出现并发症的几率。
In light of: 依据；鉴于
Bachmann’s study follows a similar one published in November 2018 conducted by researchers at the Stanford University School of Medicine.
在巴赫曼的研究发布之前，斯坦福大学医学院的研究职员在2018年11月也发表了一个类似的研究报告。
The research found that fathers older than 35 were at a higher risk for complications such as low birth weight and seizures.
该研究发现，男士年龄超越35岁时生育出的子女患上出生体重过低和癫痫等并发症的风险更高。